Perform joint life calculations.

Free CAS MAS-I (Modern Actuarial Statistics I) lesson in Probability Models. 13 min read, ~1,909 words.

Joint-life status fails on the first death:; survival. Last-survivor status fails on the second death:;. Identity (always holds):, so. Inclusion-exclusion transfers to insurances and annuities: and, but never mix the two. Under independence: and. Common-shock model: add a shared hazard so deaths become positively dependent:, with joint force.

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