Understand and apply control and offset variables in GLMs.

Free CAS MAS-I (Modern Actuarial Statistics I) lesson in Extended Linear Models. 18 min read, ~2,760 words.

A control variable carries an estimated coefficient: you fit it to strip confounding, then drop it or hold it constant when scoring prices or predictions. An offset carries a coefficient fixed at 1 on the linear-predictor scale and stays in the prediction, baking a known effect (exposure, prior base rate...

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