Big Data Projects

Free CFA Level II lesson in Quantitative Methods. 13 min read, ~1,968 words.

Data types: structured (fixed schema, relational DB), semi-structured (tags but flexible (JSON, XML), unstructured (no format) text, images, audio). Data preparation (wrangling) consumes 60, 80% of project effort: cleaning, transforming, restructuring. Listwise deletion is only safe when data is missing completely at random (MCAR). Systematic missingness requires imputation or model-based...

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