Your diagnostic
What the questions look like
Every question in the free CPA REG bank carries a full worked solution. Here is one from the pool:
Question 1
Medium
How does a throwout rule differ from a throwback rule?
Solution
C is correct.
Both rules address "nowhere" sales — receipts the seller cannot be taxed on in the destination state. A throwback rule sources those sales back to the origin state by adding them to that state's sales-factor numerator. A throwout rule instead removes those sales from the denominator entirely, mechanically increasing the apportionment percentage in every state where the taxpayer is taxable. Both are state apportionment concepts; neither is federal.
Both rules address "nowhere" sales — receipts the seller cannot be taxed on in the destination state. A throwback rule sources those sales back to the origin state by adding them to that state's sales-factor numerator. A throwout rule instead removes those sales from the denominator entirely, mechanically increasing the apportionment percentage in every state where the taxpayer is taxable. Both are state apportionment concepts; neither is federal.
