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What's covered on the EA Part 3 formula sheet?

Every formula is grouped by official syllabus topic, with the formula in math notation plus a one-line note on when to use it (or a watch-out from CAIA, CFA, or other prep-provider commentary). Coverage is calibrated to the 2026 syllabus and refreshed when the corpus changes.

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Free IRS Enrolled Agent SEE Part 3 Formula Sheet, No Signup (2026)

Practices and Procedures 13 items

Section 10.50 monetary penalty cap on a practitioner

P_{max} = G

— P_max = maximum monetary penalty under §10.50, G = gross income the practitioner derived (or would have derived) from the prohibited conduct

Enrolled agent triennial continuing education requirement

CE_{cycle} = 72

hours with

CE_{year} \geq 16

and

Ethics_{year} \geq 2

— totals over a 3-year enrollment cycle

Section 10.27 contingent-fee 120-day window for audit-triggered amended return

t_{file} \le t_{notice} + 120 \text{ days}

. §10.27 permits a contingent fee on an amended return or refund claim only if it is filed within 120 days of the written IRS exam notice, a narrow exception to the contingent-fee ban.

Section 10.30 direct uninvited solicitation retention period

t_{retain\,end} \ge t_{sent} + 36 \text{ months}

— t_sent = date solicitation (or radio/TV recording) was sent or aired; copy plus recipient list must be kept through this date

Section 10.34 substantial authority threshold for an undisclosed position

P(\text{position sustained on merits}) \gtrsim 40\%

— weight-of-authority support required to sign an undisclosed ordinary return position

Section 10.34 reasonable basis threshold with Form 8275 disclosure

P(\text{position sustained on merits}) \gtrsim 20\%

— minimum support for a disclosed ordinary position on Form 8275 or 8275-R; non-frivolous

Section 6662 gross valuation misstatement penalty

P = 0.40 \times U

when claimed value

\geq 2 \times

correct value — P = penalty, U = underpayment from the overstatement

Section 10.62 OPR complaint answer deadline

t_{answer} = 30\text{ days from service}

— t_answer = deadline to file written answer to OPR complaint; failure to answer is deemed admission of all alleged facts

Section 7201 criminal tax evasion maximum penalty

\text{Imprisonment} \leq 5\text{ years},\ \text{Fine} \leq \$100{,}000\ (\$500{,}000\text{ corp})

— felony willful evasion of tax known to be owing

Section 10.50 disbarment minimum reinstatement waiting period

t_{min} = 5\text{ years}

— t_min = earliest a disbarred practitioner may petition for reinstatement under §10.81; OPR must affirmatively find rehabilitation

Section 6695 paperwork penalty per failure and annual cap (2025)

\$60

per failure, capped at

\$31{,}500

per year. Covers §6695(a)-(e): furnish copy, sign, PTIN, retain copy or list, §6060 employee list

Section 6701 aiding and abetting understatement of tax liability penalty

\$1{,}000

per document,

\$10{,}000

if related to a corporation return. No statute of limitations on assessment

Section 6696(c) prepayment deposit to halt collection of a preparer penalty

D = 0.15 \times P

, paid within 30 days with Form 6118. D = deposit, P = assessed penalty. Suspends collection of remaining 85% during refund proceeding

Representation Before the IRS 17 items

Allowable out-of-pocket health care expense under IRS Collection Financial Standards

E = \max(\text{actual}, \text{national standard})

— E = allowable monthly health care expense

Reasonable collection potential for an Offer in Compromise

RCP = NRE + FI

— NRE = net realizable equity in assets, FI = future income component over the offer period

Form 2848 line 7 taxpayer signature validity window

D_{file} \le D_{sign} + 45 \text{ days}

— D_sign = taxpayer signature date on Part I, D_file = date IRS receives Form 2848

Section 6511 refund claim filing deadline

\text{deadline} = \max(\text{filing date} + 3\text{ yr},\ \text{payment date} + 2\text{ yr})

— later of two windows controls

Section 6502 IRS collection statute expiration date

\text{CSED} = \text{assessment date} + 10 \text{ years}

— CSED = collection statute expiration date for assessed tax

Section 6213(a) Tax Court petition filing deadline

\text{deadline} = \text{CP3219A date} + 90 \text{ days}

(150 if addressed abroad) — only the statutory notice starts the clock

Maximum cancellation of debt income excluded under section 108 insolvency

\text{Excluded COD} = \min(I,\ \text{COD})

— I = insolvency amount immediately before discharge, COD = cancellation of debt income from the event

IRC section 108 insolvency amount immediately before debt discharge

I = L - FMV_{assets}

, measured immediately before discharge with the canceled debt included in L — L = total liabilities, FMV = fair market value of all assets

Maximum refundable additional child tax credit per qualifying child (2025)

R = \min(\text{ACTC earned}, \$1{,}700)

— R = refundable portion per child; full CTC is $2,000 with $1,700 ACTC refundable cap

Annual capital loss ordinary income offset cap

O = \min(L, \$3{,}000)

— O = ordinary income offset, L = net capital loss for the year; excess carries forward indefinitely

Business standard mileage deduction (2025)

D = M \times \$0.70

— D = mileage deduction, M = substantiated business miles driven during 2025

US Tax Court small tax case (Summary Opinion) eligibility ceiling

\text{Amount in dispute per tax year} \leq \$50{,}000

— election irrevocable, opinion non-precedential, no appeal by either party

Foreign earned income exclusion 2025 under IRC §911

\text{FEIE}_{2025} = \$130{,}000 \text{ per qualifying individual}

— requires tax home abroad plus bona fide residence or physical presence test

Temporary Treasury regulation maximum effective period under IRC §7805(e)

t_{\max} = 3 \text{ years from date of publication}

— temporary regs automatically expire at 3 years; must be issued simultaneously as proposed

Section 6707A reportable transaction failure-to-disclose penalty

P = 0.75 \times B

, capped $10K/$50K non-listed (ind/entity) or $100K/$200K listed — B = tax benefit, min $5K ind / $10K entity

Section 6511(b)(2) refund lookback amount cap

R_{\max} = \text{tax paid within lookback window}

— lookback = 3 years + filing extension if return filed timely; 2 years from payment if no return filed

Section 6532(a) refund suit filing deadline

D_{\text{file}} = D_{\text{disallowance}} + 2\text{ years}

— D_disallowance = date of IRS notice disallowing the refund claim

Specific Areas of Representation 15 items

CSED tolling period during a pending offer in compromise

T = P + 30 \text{ days}

— T = total CSED tolling period, P = period the OIC is pending plus any appeal time under §7122(g)

Section 6511 refund claim statute of limitations

\text{Deadline} = \text{later of}(\text{filing date} + 3\text{ yr},\ \text{payment date} + 2\text{ yr})

— filing date = date original return filed or due date, payment date = date tax was paid

CSED tolling period during a pending installment agreement

T = P + 30 \text{ days}

— T = total CSED tolling period, P = period the IA request is pending, in effect, or being appealed under §6331(k)

Section 7491 burden-shift entity size eligibility

NW \le \$7{,}000{,}000

and

E \le 500

— NW = entity net worth, E = number of employees; both conditions must hold to qualify for the shift

Section 6334 books and tools of trade exemption from levy (2025)

\text{Exempt} = \$5{,}690

— books and tools necessary for the taxpayer's trade or business

Section 7609 third-party summons petition-to-quash deadline

D = N + 23\ \text{days}

— D = last day to file petition to quash, N = date IRS mails notice of third-party summons to the taxpayer

Daily-compounded IRS underpayment interest under section 6621

I = P \times (1 + r/365)^d - P

— P = unpaid principal, r = annual rate (federal short-term + 3% for non-corporate), d = days outstanding

Combined failure-to-file and failure-to-pay rate per month during overlap

R = 4.5\% + 0.5\% = 5.0\%

per month — FTF (§6651(a)(1)) reduced from 5.0% to 4.5% in any month FTP (§6651(a)(2)) also accrues under §6651(c)(1)

Section 6404(g) interest and penalty suspension trigger period

T = 36 \text{ months}

— measured from timely filing of an individual income tax return; if IRS fails to send notice of liability, interest suspends until 21 days after notice

IRS Appeals small case request threshold per tax period

\text{adjustments} \le \$25{,}000

per tax period — formal written protest required above this; small case request allowed at or below

General assessment statute of limitations under IRC §6501(a)

SOL_{assessment} = 3 \text{ years from filing date}

— extends to 6 years for substantial omission and is unlimited for fraud or unfiled returns

CP-2000 response window for taxpayers outside the United States

\text{response window} = 60 \text{ days from notice date}

— versus 30 days inside the US; one 30-day extension typically granted by phone

Pub 5 small case request dollar ceiling per tax period

\text{Form 12203 eligible if } A \leq \$25{,}000

— A = disputed amount per tax period; A > $25,000 requires a formal written protest with all 8 Pub 5 elements

Tax Court petition deadline for a deficiency notice addressed outside the United States

D = M + 150 \text{ days}

— D = jurisdictional petition deadline, M = date the IRC §6212 statutory notice of deficiency was mailed (IRC §6213(a))

Letter 525/950 30-day Appeals request deadline

D = M + 30 \text{ days}

— D = protest postmark deadline, M = date on the 30-day letter (Letter 525 individuals / Letter 950 businesses)

Filing Process 3 items

Records retention for a claim of loss from worthless securities

Retention = 7\ years

from later of return due date or filing date — applies under §6511 to records supporting worthless securities or bad debt deduction

E-file mandate threshold for a tax preparation firm under IRC §6011(e)(3)

N_{covered} \geq 11

per calendar year — N_covered = firm-wide count of Forms 1040, 1040-NR, 1040-SR, 1041, and 990-series returns expected to be filed

Asset basis records retention period under Reg 1.6001-1

\text{Retention} = \text{life of asset} + 3 \text{ years after disposition}

— applies to property and securities cost-basis records supporting gain or loss reporting

Practices and Procedures 15 items

A newly enrolled mid-cycle EA owes prorated 2 hours of CE per month of enrollment, plus 2 ethics hours each year.

AFSP participants may represent only before revenue agents, CSRs, and TAS, never before Appeals, Counsel, or Revenue Officers.

The EA exam route requires passing all 3 SEE parts within 2 years, then filing Form 23 with a $140 fee within 1 year of passing Part 3.

IRC §6702 imposes a $5,000 frivolous-return penalty applied per spouse on a joint return, so a joint frivolous 1040 triggers $10,000.

OPR sanctions escalate from censure to monetary penalty (capped at gross income from the conduct) to suspension (1-59 months) to disbarment with a 5-year reapply bar.

§10.30 limits EA self-descriptions to four phrases: Enrolled Agent, EA, Enrolled to practice before the IRS, and Enrolled to represent taxpayers before the IRS.

§6662 imposes a 20% accuracy penalty for negligence and 150%+ valuation misstatements, and 40% for gross valuation misstatements at 200%+ of correct value.

§6695 fixed penalties are $60 per failure for copy/signature/PTIN/recordkeeping, $635 per credit per return for due diligence, and $635 per refund check negotiated.

§6694(a) unreasonable position penalty is greater of $1,000 or 50% of fee; §6694(b) willful is greater of $5,000 or 75% of fee.

Section 7206 false return or aiding preparation is a felony with up to 3 years imprisonment and a fine of $100,000.

Section 6663 civil fraud penalty is 75% of the underpayment attributable to fraud while Section 6662 negligence is 20%.

An OPR complaint under Section 10.62 requires the practitioner to file an answer within 30 days or be deemed to admit all facts.

The §6060 employee record covers the 12-month return period ending June 30 and must be retained for 3 years after the close of that period.

Substantial understatement under §6662(b)(2) triggers for individuals when underpayment exceeds the greater of 10% of correct tax or $5,000.

The §6695(a)-(e) paperwork penalties carry a $60 per failure rate with an annual cap of $31,500, while §6695(f) and §6695(g) have no cap.

Representation Before the IRS 18 items

A representative may sign a taxpayer's return only for disease/injury, 60 days continuous U.S. absence before the due date, or specific written IRS permission.

Form 2848 line 3 may list future periods only if they end no more than 3 years after the IRS receives the form.

Streamlined installment agreements cover assessed balances of $50,000 or less paid within 72 months, with non-streamlined available up to $250,000.

The §6501 assessment statute is 3 years standard, 6 years for 25%+ gross income omission, and unlimited for fraud or unfiled returns.

§7201 tax evasion is a felony punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment and a fine of $100,000 ($500,000 corporate).

§6511 refund claims must be filed within the later of 3 years from filing or 2 years from payment, and §6502 collection runs 10 years.

OIC reasonable collection potential adds future monthly income times 12 for lump-sum offers and times 24 for periodic payment offers.

A lump-sum cash OIC must be paid in 5 or fewer installments within 5 months of acceptance to qualify for the 12-month RCP multiplier.

A guaranteed installment agreement under §6159(c) requires balance of $10,000 or less full payment within 3 years and timely filing for 5 years.

Under IRC §6103(e), Form 4506 obtains a paid full return copy while Form 4506-T obtains a free transcript.

For 2025 the CTC is $2,000 per child with $1,700 refundable as ACTC, phasing out above $200,000 single/$400,000 MFJ.

The 2025 business standard mileage rate for §274(d) listed-property substantiation is 70¢ per mile.

Under IRC §6110(k)(3), a PLR may not be used or cited as precedent by anyone other than the requesting taxpayer.

Temporary Treasury Regulations under IRC §7805(e) are effective immediately and binding for up to 3 years.

Form 8833 discloses a treaty-based return position under IRC §6114, with a $1,000 penalty per failure for individuals and $10,000 for C corporations.

A §7609 third-party summons requires notice to the named taxpayer within 3 days, and the taxpayer has 20 days to file a petition to quash.

§7602(c) requires at least 45 days advance written notice to the taxpayer before the IRS contacts third parties, with the notice period not exceeding 1 year.

The Tax Court Small Tax Case (S) election is available for deficiencies of $50,000 or less per year, with no appeal rights.

Specific Areas of Representation 15 items

A short-term IRS payment plan covers balances of $100,000 or less paid within 180 days with no user fee or financial disclosure.

Passport revocation under §7345 triggers at $62,000 (2025) of seriously delinquent tax debt, and the TFRP protest window on Letter 1153 is 60 days.

After OIC acceptance, the taxpayer must remain filing- and payment-compliant for 5 years or the full original liability is reinstated.

Form 12203 small case request applies when disputed tax per period is $25,000 or less; above that a formal written protest is required.

IRC §7491 shifts the burden to the IRS only if the entity has net worth under $7 million and 500 or fewer employees.

Under §6334 the 2025 levy exemption is $11,390 for fuel food furniture and personal effects and $5,690 for books and tools of a trade.

Failure-to-file is 5% per month capped at 25%, reduced to 4.5% per month when failure-to-pay also applies.

A section 6404(e) interest abatement denial may be appealed to Tax Court within 180 days under section 6404(h).

First-Time Abate requires 3 prior clean compliance years with all returns filed and tax paid or under installment agreement.

A Tax Court petition must be filed within 90 days of the statutory notice, or 150 days if the notice is addressed outside the US.

A formal written protest is required when proposed adjustments exceed $25,000 per year, with smaller cases qualifying for a small case request.

Letter 525 (general) is the 30-day letter offering Appeals, while Letter 3219 is the 90-day Statutory Notice of Deficiency under IRC §6212.

The Independent Office of Appeals is established under IRC §7803(e) and settles disputes on a hazards-of-litigation basis that the Revenue Agent lacks.

Under IRC §6213(a), the IRS is prohibited from assessing or collecting a proposed deficiency during the 90-day Tax Court petition window.

Form 870-AD signed at Appeals is a mutual concession that forecloses refund claims absent fraud, malfeasance, or material misrepresentation of fact.

Filing Process 6 items

Rejected e-filed returns require taxpayer notification within 24 hours and paper-filing fallback within 10 calendar days to preserve timely filing.

The FTC Safeguards Rule requires customer information to be disposed of no more than 2 years after the date of last use.

Under Reg §31.6001-1, employment tax records (Form 941, W-2, W-3) must be retained for 4 years after the tax becomes due or is paid, whichever is later.

The §6695(g) penalty for failing to e-file a covered return without a documented Form 8948 exception is $50 per return.

Form 8453 transmits paper attachments to the Austin processing center within 3 business days after the IRS acknowledges acceptance of the e-filed return.

The IRS-assigned anti-fraud IP PIN is 6 digits while the taxpayer-chosen Self-Select e-signature PIN is 5 digits.

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