Understand and evaluate the costs associated with discrete-time rebalancing.

Free SOA Exam ALTAM (Advanced Long-Term Actuarial Mathematics) lesson in Embedded Options in Life Insurance and Annuity Products. 14 min read, ~2,040 words.

Discrete hedging is imperfect because delta drifts between rebalances; it is exact in continuous time but leaky in discrete time, with gamma as the leakage source. Boyle-Emanuel hedging error variance is approximately; per-period variance scales with and total error standard deviation scales with. Transaction costs scale with; halving the rebalance...

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