Means, Variances, and Covariances of Present Value Random Variables
Free SOA Exam FAM (Fundamentals of Actuarial Mathematics) lesson in Present Value Random Variables for Long-Term Insurance Coverages. 19 min read, ~2,901 words.
(annual); (continuous). Variance; the second moment keeps the same mortality but uses double the force of interest. Annuity variance = insurance variance / (due) or (continuous). UDD: and; the ratio is always 1. Claims acceleration:. Under constant force: and. Covariance of insurance and annuity PVs is always negative, a natural...
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What this lesson covers
- Content
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Example 4
- Example 5
- Example 6
- Common Mistakes
- Check Your Understanding
- Exam Shortcuts
Learning objectives
- 9b
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