Permutations, Ordered Counting, and the Multiplication Principle

Free SOA Exam P (Probability) lesson in General Probability. 18 min read, ~2,684 words.

Multiplication principle: if step 1 has outcomes and step 2 has, the pair has. Multiply across independent stages. Full permutation: order all distinct items in ways. Partial permutation ( ): order of distinct items in ways. Order matters, no repeats. With repetition: fill ordered slots from options, repeats allowed, in...

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