Credit Risk, Operational Risk, and Stress Testing

Free GARP FRM Part I lesson in Valuation and Risk Models. 23 min read, ~3,442 words.

Expected loss (EL) = PD × LGD × EAD, priced into spreads and absorbed by reserves. Unexpected loss (UL) is the volatility of losses around EL, absorbed by economic capital (never set capital equal to EL). Single-asset UL under binomial default with deterministic LGD:. Portfolio UL rises with default correlation...

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